10. Earnings per share

Basic and diluted earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the consolidated profit for the period by the weighted average number of shares in issue during the period, excluding the weighted average number of treasury shares.

Diluted earnings per share reflects the effect of dilutive potential (registered) shares under the Group’s equity-settled share-based payment plans and arrangements. Awards granted under these equity-settled plans and arrangements have been included in the determination of diluted earnings per share considering the level of achievement of the set targets (see note 30) at the reporting date, and to the extent to which they are dilutive. Awards granted with only a service condition are included in the determination of diluted earnings per share to the extent to which they are dilutive. The dilutive effect of the share-based payment plans and arrangements for the year ended December 31, 2023 is mainly related to the management PSU plans.

The following table shows the weighted average number of shares outstanding before and after adjustments for the effect of all dilutive potential shares.

The following table shows basic and diluted earnings per share.

Adjusted earnings per share

Adjusted earnings per share is defined by the Group as adjusted net income divided by the weighted average number of shares. Management believes that adjusted earnings per share is a useful measure as adjusted net income is used to measure performance. Adjusted net income and adjusted earnings per share are not defined performance measures in IFRS (see note 9).

The following table shows basic and diluted adjusted earnings per share.